Is Decoupling Possible? Association between Affluence and Household Carbon Emissions in the Philippines

This paper investigates whether or not affluence is associated with carbon emissions at the household level in the Philippines. While there is abundant literature on this issue, limited studies are available for developing countries. We estimate household carbon emissions by combining input–output analysis with household expenditure. The results suggest that household carbon emissions are increasing non‐monotonically with a non‐existent turning point as households accumulate more assets. This is further supported by quintile estimates showing huge disparity in emissions between poor and rich households. Although household carbon emissions in the Philippines are not alarming, evidence suggests that it is likely households will lead a carbon‐intensive lifestyle as they become more affluent.     

武汉城市圈农民人均年纯收入差距研究

文章利用2000～2007年间武汉城市圈9城市历年统计年鉴的数据,对该城市圈各城市间农民人均年纯收入差距的演变,分别从绝对差距、相对差距、"倒U"型假说以及收敛性等角度,进行了全方位的详细分析。结果显示:绝对差距逐年扩大,而相对差距总体是缩小的,尽管期间扩大和缩小交替出现;库兹涅茨"倒U"型通过检验;δ-收敛和绝对β-收敛都通过了检验,证明了收敛性的存在;通过控制影响农民人均年纯收入差距的经济结构差异变量后,条件β-收敛显著存在,一产比重与收入的增长负相关,而二产比重则相反。     

BOC(10,5)信号的调制与解调

讨论了卫星导航中BOC调制解调的原理和实现方法，并着重研究了接收机的码跟踪技术。首先阐述了BOC信号体制出现的国际背景及信号特点，并介绍了BOC（10，5）信号形式和频谱特性，然后简要介绍了信号调制的方法，最后重点讨论信号解调方法。针对BOC信号多峰结构的自相关特性，分别研究并比较了两种解调方案，最后综合两者特点提出了组合式解调恢复方法。     

The Relationship between Federal Deficits and Real Interest Rates

Real interest rates fluctuated a great deal since the 1970s. In the 1980s federal deficits accelerated and their impact on both nominal and real interest rates gained lots of attention. Based on monthly and quarterly data from January 1971 to December 1997 it is found that federal deficits had significant positive effect on the real interest rates: Personal income or consumption are found to have significant positive impact on the real interest rates, whereas expected inflation and money supply are found to have negative impact on the real interest rates. These findings are consistent with the conventional economic theory.     

考虑应力作用影响的黄泛区粉土土水特征曲线分析与预测

为了研究应力作用对土水特征曲线的影响，采用应力关联土水特征仪测定不同应力下粉土的脱湿-吸湿曲线，讨论应力变化对粉土土水特征的影响规律，并利用应力与孔隙比的关系提出考虑应力作用的粉土土水特征曲线预测方法。研究发现：试样在应力逐渐增加时不易脱水，但更易吸水，非饱和粉土的持水能力随着正应力的增大而增强；脱湿曲线与吸湿曲线并不重合，有明显的回滞现象，并且吸湿曲线饱和度的变化比脱湿曲线更加剧烈；随着正应力的增大，滞回圈面积减小，滞回特性减弱。此外，将预测曲线与测得的试验曲线对比, 可知提出的考虑应力的土水特征曲线预测方法具有较好的预测精度。     

河北省土地生态系统服务价值研究及趋势预测

编制适用于河北省的土地生态系统服务价值系数表,利用土地基础数据和生态系统服务价值量化模型,计算出河北省土地生态系统服务价值在1996～2006年呈现先减少后增加的变化趋势;并运用spss统计软件中的曲线回归对变化趋势做出了合理预测。     

Putting the learning curve in context

In implementation of change, people learn new ways of doing things, develop new skills, and adopt new organizational routines. This paper applies learning curve theory to implementation by developing a system dynamics model that includes two extensions to classic learning curve theory. First, the model includes a required output level for the individual. Second, the model includes a budget constraint on time that forces a choice between an old and a new way to achieve the output. Doing work the new way builds experience, increasing productivity and thus favoring continued use of the new skill, but model analysis demonstrates that this reinforcing process works to favor the new skill only at relatively high levels of productivity. Otherwise, the same process is a vicious cycle, driving out the new skill. The model exhibits a mode of behavior in which learning begins and then stalls and another mode in which the new skill becomes the preferred one. The paper identifies the tipping point between these two modes and characterizes the transition problem: Learning by doing is a dynamic process, a transition from use of an old way to a new way that requires accumulating experience beyond a threshold.     

Ecological integrity as an economic variable: An application to forested landscapes in the southern United States

Ecological integrity is important to fully describe the development of an economy. We calculated an aggregate index that quantifies the closeness of a forested region to a natural state. This naturalness index was based on the diversity of native tree species and sizes for ecological subregions in a seral condition. The index used the spatial–temporal array of sample plots from the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database of the USDA Forest Service. In the 70 survey units of the southern US between 1961 and 2005 the naturalness of forests generally improved with per capita personal income and population. The increase with income was consistent with the hypothesis of an environmental Kuznets curve for forested landscapes.     

The Swedish third way: an assessment of the performance and validity of the Rehn-Meidner model

This paper analyses the functioning of the Rehn–Meidnermodel in Sweden and the validity of the model's underlying theory.Both sceptics and friends of ‘the Swedish model’have exaggerated the effects of active labour market policyand solidarity wage policy on employment, inflation and growth.However, these policies have contributed to the reduction ofhysteresis effects and wage differentials in Sweden. Furthermore,Swedish experiences confirm the Rehn–Meidner view thatpositive demand shocks and expansionary macroeconomic policiesmake it difficult to combine full employment with price stability,economic growth and equity even if central wage negotiationsare coordinated and trade unions willingly accept wage restraint.